Brave New World Is Social Stability Worth It Essay

Brave New World: Is social stability worth it? Taylor Gowan ERWC Per. 3 12/21/16 Brave New World: Is social stability worth it? What is social stability? According to ReversoDictionary it’s, â€Å"living or preferring to live in a community rather than alone†. In Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World, stability means much more than that. In the World State the government takes full control of every aspect of the people’s lives; even going as far as to brainwash the community into being content with their lives. Through genetic engineering people are mass produced and then conditioned into certain castes that they’re forced into for the rest of their short lives. Technology has been made to eliminate all suffering and a widely used, if not overused, drug called Soma has been created to diminish any pain. Individuality is stolen from the people of the World State and they have no way of understanding their dissatisfaction because the government has manipulated their entire existence. Conditioning, drugs, and promiscuity aren t t he only things in life a person will need to feel satisfied; we as human will always yearn for more, which is why going as far as the World State did for social stability is wrong. Community, Identity, Stability is the World’s State motto, but is their form of stability ethical? Of course not. They have removed all personal identity for the sake of the common good; from birth you’re predestined to live and act the way the World State wants you toShow MoreRelated Huxleys Brave New World Essay examples1220 Words   |  5 PagesHuxleys Brave New World Today, in 21st century United States, people are concerned with the fast pace of new and growing technology, and how these advances should be used. In the last decade alone we have seen major advancements in technology; in science, cloning has become a reality, newer, more powerful drugs have been invented and, in communications, the Internet has dominated society. 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The s Over Its Long History - 1552 Words

Barclay’s over its long history has grown into one of the largest financial groups in the United Kingdom3. Since there early start in banking, Barclays has since then diversified itself into investment banking, and investment management as well. They operate over 850 branches in over 60 countries in which 2000 are based in the United Kingdom3. â€Å"The company has over 4.5 million registered online bankers and over 10.6 million Barclaycard customers in the United Kingdom†3. Barclay’s is currently the 7th largest bank in the world with assets valuing $2.41 trillion. Barclay’s has an extensive history as one of the oldest banks in the world dating back to the late 17th century. John Freame and Thomas Gould were goldsmiths working in Lombard†¦show more content†¦Libor, the London Interbank Lending Rate, is considered to be one of the most important rates in finance because trillions of financial contracts utilize this rate. 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Non Medical Factors Influencing Csection Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(67) " were significantly higher in older female parents with high para\." Cesarean delivery is the bringing of a babe through a surgical scratch in the female parents abdomen wall laparotomy and uterus wall hysterectomy. In some fortunes, a C-section is scheduled in progress. In others it ‘s done in response to an unanticipated complication. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Medical Factors Influencing Csection Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Initially, cesarian bringing was performed to salvage the foetus from a moribund patient. But over and over old ages, this operation later was developed into a surgical process to salvage both maternal and foetal from high complications. 2.2 Concept of C-section The C-section rate is increasing over a period of clip in developed states, every bit good as in developing states. It is besides increasing for all adult females of all ages, race/ethnic group, gestational age, SES group. For case in China the cesarian rate rose dramatically from 3.4 % in 1988 to 39.3 % in 2008 with the most dramatic addition among urban adult females ( Xu, Yan, A ; Carine, 2012, p. 3/12 ) . In USA, this rate climbed from 5 % in 1960 to 31.8 % in 2007 ( Campbell, 2011 ) . In Mali, the rate addition from 1.6 % in 2005 to 2.9 in 2009. Furthermore in developed state the proportion of cesarian birth is 21.1 % on mean whereas in developing states is merely 2 % ( Betran et al, 2007 ) . This rate is rather under the international norm fixed ( 5 % – 15 % ) by WHO since 1985. 2.3 Types of Cesarean delivery Cesarean delivery is made based on two types of scratch on the womb: low transversal scratch and perpendicular uterine scratch. However the way of scratch on the womb does non needfully fit with the scratch on the tegument ( up, down or side to side ) . The low transverse scratch is a horizontal cut across the lower portion of the womb. It is the one which is safer and more successful to travel through labour for holding a vaginal bringing in ulterior gestations. The perpendicular scratch on the womb is used for presenting preterm babes, abnormally positioned placentas, gestations with more than one foetus and in utmost exigencies. 2.4 Medical factors ( indicant of caesarean delivery ) Cesarean indicant can be classified into 3 groups: Maternal ; foetal or maternal-fetal. Tableau 2. Medical indicant for cesarian determination Maternal Fetal Maternal-fetal Medical status: specific cardiac disease ( Maran ‘s Syndrome, unstable coronary arteria disease ) ; specific respiratory disease ( GuillanBarre syndrome ) ; thrombopenia Conditionss associated with increased intracranial force per unit area Mechanical obstructor of the lower uterine section ( tumours, fibroids ) Mechanical vulvar obstructor ( condylomata ) Contracted pelvic girdle ( either congenital or acquired ) No reassuring fetal position Malpresentation: rear of barrel, cross prevarication, forehead or face/mentumposterior Cord prolapsed Maternal herpes or HIV Congenital anomalies/Vasa previa Failure to come on in labour: either collar to descent or collar to distend Cephalopelvic disproportion Placental breaking off Placenta previa/ placenta breaking off Conjoint twin Uterine rupture Elective caesarean delivery bringing The most common indicant for cesarian bringing in America is repeated cesarian ( 30 % ) , followed by dystocia or failure to advancement ( 30 % ) , malpresentation ( 11 % ) and non-reassuring fetal position ( 10 % ) ( Murphy, Sarah K. , et Jeffrey D. , 2012, p. 2 ) . In England, the most common indicant is besides repeated caesarean delivery ( 29 % ) followed by presumed foetal hurt ( 22 % ) , failure to advancement ( 20 % ) and breech birth ( 16 % ) ( caesaran subdivisions, October 2002, p. 2 ) . In Mali, the most common indicant is prolonged/obstructed labour or suspected cephalopelvic disproportion 40.4 % , followed by old cesarian subdivision 16.6 % , foetal hurt ( 16.1 % ) ( Valerie Brand et Al, 2012 ) . Based on the timing of C-section ( CS ) at the clip of determination devising, the cesarian indicants are grouped under one of those four classs. Tableau 2. Different classs of Cesarean delivery Category 1: Emergency CS Category 2: Urgent CS Category 3: Scheduled Cesium Category 4: Elective CS – There is an immediate menace to the female parent or the foetus. Therefore the CS should be done within the following 30 min in order to salvage on clip both female parent and babe Breaking off, cord prolapsed, cicatrix rupture, scalp blood PH lt ; 7.20, foetal hurt: drawn-out FHR slowing lt ; 80 There is maternal or foetal complication but was non instantly life endangering. In that instance the bringing should be completed within 60-75 min Case with FHR abnormalcies are those of concern The female parent needs early bringing but there is no maternal or foetal via media. A concern of the continuance of gestation is likely to impact the female parent or foetus in the approaching hours or yearss. Iatrogenic preterm bringing where there is need to give a class of steroid for lung adulthood The bringing is timed to accommodate the female parent and staff. There are instances where there is an indicant for CS but there is no urgency. Placenta previa with no active hemorrhage, malpresentation, history of old cesareanaˆÂ ¦ 2.5 Non medical factors act uponing Cesarean delivery rate Beside medical factors, non-medical grounds can hold an impact on the likeliness of holding a Cesarean delivery every bit good. Among those factors, maternal features such as age, instruction, business, birth order, fiscal position ( salary/affordability to pay medical fees and wellness insurance ) , abode, figure of prenatal visits, wellness position can greatly act upon the Cesarean delivery rate. Some demographic factors, particularly the alteration in the features of the childbearing population can impact cesarian bringing. Ethical and economic grounds may besides hold some influence on the rate of surgical bringing. 2.5.1 Maternal age Several surveies show that old adult females ( over 35 ages ) are more likely to hold a high hazard of gestation complication and cesarian bringing. Other surveies found the same consequence in lower hazard adult females population. A important association was besides found between the hazard of holding C-section and advanced maternal age at the first gestation ( Herstad A ; al, 2012 ) . In add-on, increasing age and para are reported to be associated with a high hazard of inauspicious gestation results and C-section rate. Dystocia, non-reassuring foetal status, preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio-placenta, malpresentation, prolonged labour and macrosomia were significantly higher in older female parents with high para. You read "Non Medical Factors Influencing Csection Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Another high association was found among advanced maternal age of adult females with old Cesarean delivery and increasing Cesarean delivery rate ( Hiasat , 2002 ) . 2.5.2 Education of the female parent The function of instruction degree dramas in the C-section rate is controversial. ( Gilbert, Alice, A ; Haim A. , 2010 ) found in a survey that planned C-section was carried out more frequently among educated adult females than uneducated 1s. High instruction degree influences besides positively the C-section rate of adult females with old C-section ( Khawaja, Tamar, A ; Rozzet, 2000 ) .This important rate of C-section rate among the more educated adult females are chiefly due to either maternal pick for C-section ( posh to force factor ) or physicians behavior factors or the hold of maternity until older age for educated adult females. On the other manus, when all those factors are taken into consideration, some surveies show that the cesarean delivery rate is likely to be less among higher educated adult females because educated adult females are more cognizant about gestation complications and hazards. Therefore they are more preventative and care better about their wellness dur ing the gestation. For case among adult females in the same age, the less educated 1s are really more likely to acquire a C-section ( Harrison, 2012 ) . Furthermore the instruction of the male parent does n’t hold excessively much consequence as the female parent instruction on the C-section rate. 2.5.3 Occupation of the parents Occupation of the female parent is greatly associated with the cesarian bringing. A Nigerian survey found that adult females with no business are more likely to hold a vaginal bringing than those with a high business ( Olusanya A ; Olumuyiwa, 2009 ) . This might due to some grounds such as maternal pick to present by C-section, detaining maternity ( due to the deficiency of clip because of her work ) at an advanced age or unjust entree to maternal wellness attention. A survey in Puerto Rico found that a direct association with the male parent ‘s business and the rate of surgical bringing. Fathers with no business are associated with a lower rate of C-section rate ( Jose A ; Vazquez-Calzada, 1997 ) . It is likely due to the same socio-economic grounds I will cite in this caption. 2.5.4 Birth order Whereas a elevation of C-section rate for the maternal age is evident for about all the live-birth order, live-birth order affects the rate of cesarian bringing independently of the maternal age. The hazard of cesarian bringing is greater among female parents holding their first kid no affairs the age, except for teenage female parents. Then this hazard falls down quickly with wining births. For case, a USA survey ( Taffel, 1994 ) found the cesarian rate declined as live-birth order rose to an agegreater or equal to 20 old ages old female parents for both black and white adult females. In add-on the highest cesarian rate for any age-birth order combination were found among adult females between 35-39 old ages of age holding their first birth, followed by adult females 40-49 old ages. The lowest rate was for 20 twelvemonth old adult females holding a 4th or higher order birth and for adolescents holding their 2nd or 3rd kid. Marwan Khawaja et Al found the same consequence: a higher li keliness of C-section bringing among low order birth compared to high one is expected since the bringing complications are more common among primiparious adult females taking to a higher rate of C-section. 2.5.5 Fiscal state of affairs Income and SES group The cesarian rate is of import among people with a better fiscal state of affairs even thoughthelow income group has a higher obstetrical hazard. One Brazilian survey ( Hopkins A ; Ernesto, 1998 ) found a higher Cesarean delivery rate among the high income group than the low one. Cesarean bringing is more common among people with high SES. This might due to the fact that low SES faces frequently to fiscal and geographic barriers to wellness attention entree. Ability and affordability to pay Several surveies found that Women or family with less fiscal ability and affordability to pay for wellness attention will hold high hazard gestation and higher Cesarean delivery rate ( Hopkins et Al, 1998 ) . Health insurance Cesarean rate is more common for insured adult females than uninsured ones.A survey in Brazil ( Cecatti, Helaine N, Anibal, A ; Maria Jose , 2005. ) showed that the C-section rate varies tremendously harmonizing to the type of insurance. And he lowest rate is with insurance companies which contract with public installations. Another survey ( KASSAK, A. MOHAMMAD, A ; ABDALLAH, 2000 ) found that cosmopolitan coverage by national wellness insurance had a greatest impact on the likeliness to increase C-section rate. 2.5.6 Rural / Urban countries Many articles highlight the importance of abode topographic point on the C-section rate.Mothers populating in urban countries have a higher chance to present by C-section, This might due to either a better entree to wellness attention in urban countries or the deficiency of appropriate equipments and skilled staff in rural countries. However it might besides reflect the overused of cesarian bringing in urban countries ( Yassin A ; Ghanim A, 2012 ) . 2.5.7 Number of prenatal visits The antenatal attention is another cardinal factor act uponing the Cesarean delivery rate. The greater is its figure ( six or over ) , the higher is the likeliness to acquire C-section. This is due to the fact that higher gestation hazard is more likely to hold more prenatal visits. On the other manus, some surveies found a strong association between medical cognition of female parent and figure of prenatal visits ( Habib, Maysaloun, A ; Selwa, 2011 ) . 2.5.8 Health position Fleshiness An addition in C-section rate appears in analogue with increasing fleshiness rate due to the lifting likeliness of gestation complication ( diabetes and high blood pressure ) . Further, both maternal and fetus weight influence the caesarean delivery rate ( Hendrickson, 2012 ) . Pregnancy and bringing complication Pregnancy complication, when it is non treated earnestly can take to serious issues. So it is an of import factor impacting C-section determination. Some surveies show a important likeliness of acquiring cesarian birth for complicated gestations seeking wellness attention ( Choudhury ) . Chronic high blood pressure and uterine hemorrhage in Jose and all surveies were reported as the most common gestation medical hazard associated with surgical bringing. Others are diabetes and anaemia. However bringing complications taking to C-section are more considered as medical factors. They are more of import than gestation complication because they affect straight the normal bringing and increases extremely the Cesarean delivery likeliness. And the opportunity of holding a caesarean delivery is even more for those adult females with two or more bringing complication. Low/ high hazard factor Cesarean delivery rate is lower among adult females with unsophisticated gestations than complicated 1s. In add-on a healthy adult female is less likely to hold gestation complication and Cesarean delivery than the opposite ( Best patterns in the usage of cesaean subdivision in Nova Scotia, 2008 ) . 2.5.9 Summary of non medical factors On the following page, there is a sum-up of all non medical factors with the mentions and the expected mark. Writers Datas Year Methodology Expected mark Maternal age Herstad et Al. Descriptive Longiditunal 2012 Log binomial reg Descriptive stat a†°? 35: + Mother Education Gilbert et Al Harrison et Al Retrosp cohort – 2010 2012 Logit arrested development Statical theoretical account More: + Less: + Mother Occupation Olusanya et Al Jose et Al Cross sectional Retrospective 2009 1997 Logit arrested development Logit arrested development None: + Father: few Birth Order Taffel et Al Marwan et Al Cross sectional Cross sectional 1994 2003 Descriptive stat Logit arrested development BO iˆ? : – Idem Income and SES ability to pay Hopkins et Al Cross sectioal 1998 Logit arrested development High Selenium: + Health insurance Cecatti et Al Retrospective Case control 2005 Logit arrested development Insured: + Rural / Urban country Yassin et Al – 2012 – Urban: + Ant visit Habib et Al Cross sectional 2011 Descriptive statistic Nberiˆ? : + Health position Choudhury – – Hazard iˆ? : + Tableau 2.3 Expected mark of non medical factors 2.6 Human behaviour factors increasing Cesarean delivery Medical human behaviour factors Some medical accounts can explicate the rise of cesarian rate. First of wholly, there are big fluctuations among clinicians, infirmaries in the direction of the adult female labour which influence the caesarean delivery rate. Second, even though the proportion of aided rear of barrel babes bringing does non increase, some clinicians prefer to avoidthe hazard due to the complication of normal bringing and pattern an elected caesarean delivery for rear of barrel babes because they think it is safer. In add-on, the increasing usage of in vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) has led to the lifting in the figure of multiple births and those babes are frequently delivered by CS. Finally, the development of new surgical technics, engineerings and medical attention has made C-section an progressively safe operation. Non-medical human behaviour factors 2.6.2.1 Cultural and Organizational factors In some instances, the C-section determination is really needed to salvage the female parent and/or the babe. However this determination, in another state of affairs is circumstantially a balanced judgement taken between clinical squads and the female parent. So, the environment within the infirmary unit and his staff is managed has greatly an impact on C-section determination, taking to a wide fluctuation in the rate between infirmaries. Further, some surveies found that learning infirmaries tend to hold lower caesarean delivery rate than non learning wellness installations and private clinics ( K.M Kassak et al. , 2000 ) . On the other side, some ethical issues such as physicians ‘ duty non to do injury to patients and to obtain their consent prior any intervention, alternatively of merely to protect a patient ‘s public assistance can act upon the doctor pick. 2.6.2.2 Maternal pick Some female parents, chiefly the educated and celebrated 1s prefer to give birth by C-section because they are scared of enduring for the vaginal birth. So this rise of C-section rate can be attributed to adult females ‘s lifestyle pick. Because of this ground, C-sectionrate in private infirmaries is frequently higher than public infirmaries. Further, harmonizing to some surveies about â€Å" cesarian civilization of Brazil † , other grounds are found ( Giguere, 2007 ) : Due to modern and advanced, technological intercessions, adult females perceived C-section as safer and more comfy labour with better quality of wellness attention They want to avoid the hazard of perineal harm due to normal bringing that can impact adult females sexual map after childbearing. On the other side, the prevalence of maternal penchant vary widely harmonizing to the state context. A survey in Hong Kong ( Selina A ; al, 2007 ) found a low prevalence of 16.7 % for the maternal pick and the chief ground was their sensed it safer for the baby.In another survey, Iran the rate was 22 % ( Alimohanmadian, Manak, Mahmoodi, A ; Faterneh, 2007 ) . 2.6.2.3 Profile of physicians preferring Cesarean delivery In general The increasing cesarian rate can besides be attributed to an undue doctor ‘s pick due to his fright to bear the hazard or fiscal inducement ( want to do more money ) . It can besides be due the patients demand. Furthermore, there are worldwide assorted clinicians sentiments about the petition of elected or exigency caesarean delivery. ( Mufti, MC Carthy A, A ; Fisk N. M, 24 1996, p. 544 ) in a study, found out that 17 % of Obstetricians in London ( 31 % of female and 8 % of male ) prefer ekective caesarean delivery. Their pick wer chiefly based on the turning away of perineal harm from vaginal birth and the Rhode Island of hurt to the babe. Then 68 % choose cesarian bringing for cepalic presentation with an estimated weight greater than 4.5 Kg. Another similar survey ( Wagner, 2000, p. 1677 ) in USA, showed that 46,6 % accoucheurs prefer the Cesarean delivery with more males ( 56.5 % ) than females ( 32.6 % ) . And so 70 % delivered by C-sectio with an estimated weight greater than 4.6 Kg. However in ( McGurgan, Coulter-Smith, S. , A ; O’Donovan, P.J. , 2001 ) survey, there are more females than males who chose eletcive caesarean delivery. Sing the matrimonial position, married cli nicians do less exigency caesarean delivery than the non married 1s ( Turner, Young, Solomon, Ludlow, Benness, A ; Phipps, 2008 ) . In add-on, clnicians request ( 21 % ) more cesrean bringing than accoucheuses ( 10 % ) and coloreectal sawboness urogynecologists are more lkely to bespeak C-section. Mali instance In Mali, the wellness forces in public installations are under salary based payment. The salary rate are based on the degree of preparation and the figure of old ages in service ( MCI, Octobre 2010 ) . Therefore doctors have no inducement to increase the C-section rate. In add-on when patients arrive at maternal wellness installations, they foremost contact are made with the accoucheuses and the medical pupils on responsibility. And so when it is a omplicated or particular instance which need the physician advice, they call him. Therefore the female parent petition for cesarea bringing to physicians are non observed in those public installations. The cesarian determination is merely taken by doctors based on medical grounds. How to cite Non Medical Factors Influencing Csection Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Slavery in Africa Before Imperialism and After free essay sample

Africa can sadly be called the center of the world’s slavery. Slavery’s origins can be traced down to Africa. Of course, before slaves hit the market as a hot trade item, war captives and lawbreakers had been used as slaves in many countries around the world for all time. But the act of the slave market began in Africa. Before the Europeans arrived in Africa, the slave market was much more relaxed. In a way it was just a small community business. There were Arab flash markets, and the Africans themselves, had been trading slaves for centuries before the Europeans arrived around the 1450s. Their strategy was to charge higher prices for the slaves that could not easily escape back to their homelands or be easily rescued by their kin. Along with that tactic, the slave brokers also purposely separated family members and slaves from the same villages. The African slave trade before the Europeans inhibited the expression of regional African cultures and tribal identities. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery in Africa Before Imperialism and After or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the Portuguese arrived they saw the potential value of the slave trade and quickly adopted the Arab and African policies and practices of the trade. They also added their own systematic traffic in slaves that were sent to work the sugar plantations that Portugal and eventually Spain established on the West African coast. The Portuguese need and desire for slaves completely topped the previous slave trade. And instead of the local African tribal slave system, slave trading became a huge business. Millions of Africans were taken from their homes and villages to be shipped around the world, but mainly the Americas and Europe. The new work force on the American plantations shaped the future for the Americans. Overall, when the Europeans arrived in Africa the slave trade was quickly turned around and shaped into a super successful and booming business that was one of the Europeans best money making projects.